Mastectomy and the Reconstruction Decision

That’s a lot of decision-making for someone who is still grappling with the news of a cancer diagnosis. Speaking from experience, the amount of information and required decision-making can feel overwhelming. Cancer treatment decisions are about protecting your life and your future; but especially with surgeries that change our appearance, they can also be about protecting our sense of self along the way.

Surgical decision-making can be made easier by seeing examples of women who have gone through this and remain beautiful and strong. Many of us felt this was so important that we worked together to find a more reassuring way to share surgical information and recovery tips. This article shares some of our surgical decisions and photos, taken from the book Beauty After Breast Cancer. Shared with the participants’ permission, these partial excerpts from the book will hopefully serve the purpose we intended: guiding and providing hope (and the knowledge that you’re not alone) as you navigate this breast cancer space.

Insurance Coverage

The Federal Women’s Health and Cancer Rights Act¹ ensures that insurance companies help cover the following costs:

• Reconstruction of the breast that was removed by mastectomy
• Surgery and reconstruction of the other breast to make the breasts look symmetrical or balanced after mastectomy
• Any external breast prostheses (breast forms that fit into your bra) that are needed before, during, or in place of reconstruction
• Any physical complications at all stages of mastectomy, including lymphedema (fluid buildup in the arm and chest on the side of the surgery)

Unfortunately, there are a few exceptions to this act, such as varying state laws and certain types of insurance that do not cover mastectomies, and therefore are not required to cover any associated expenses. If your insurance pays for the surgery, then they should also cover reconstruction or prostheses. Insurance issues can be challenging; my advice is to talk to your medical team, especially your oncology patient navigator, if you need help.

Personal Preferences

The recommendations of your treatment team in combination with insurance considerations set the framework for your surgical decisions. But then, it gets personal. Really personal. There are many factors that can impact how you feel and ultimately help you determine what you want. There are critical questions that many women, including myself, have found helpful when it comes to making surgical choices:

• How big a role do my breasts play in my overall identity?
• Do I have other risk factors that might guide me to a more radical surgery choice?
• How willing am I to have additional surgeries in the future?
• How does having or not having breasts potentially affect intimacy for me?
• How cautious do I want to be regarding potential risks and side effects?
• Are there personal or treatment-related reasons to select a certain surgery or certain timeline?

First Things First

Your decision about surgery should be based on your treatment needs. Your medical team will make a recommendation based on your individual situation—including the type of cancer, the stage, how aggressive the cancer is, and how likely it is to return. Many times, your treatment team will recommend initial reconstruction steps to be completed during the first surgery; but keep in mind, if you are on the fence about reconstruction, these steps do not have to occur simultaneously.

This is worth repeating: you do not need to make an immediate decision regarding reconstruction. You may need to make a quick decision about the type of initial surgery, but you do not necessarily need to rush into a decision about reconstruction. In most cases, reconstruction can be addressed at a later time. My advice? If you need more time, take it. And, as in the case of Amy, it’s okay if you change your mind down the road.

Amy

Amy chose a skin-sparing mastectomy with the intention of having reconstruction surgery later. She ultimately decided against reconstruction or even a surgery to have the extra skin removed and tucked flat—she just didn’t care enough to go through another surgery.

When she wants her profile to appear symmetrical under clothes, she can use a prosthesis in her bra. A custom prosthetic would work particularly well for Amy because it would be designed to her exact shape.

Reconstruction Options

Surgical reconstruction involves using either your own body (muscle flaps and fat), implants, or a combination of the two to build up a new breast shape. There are multiple reasons why your surgeon might recommend one versus the other. Surgeries that take muscle from other areas may involve longer recovery times; surgeries that involve implants may require additional surgeries at a later date to replace the implants.

In Photo Album 1, you will see results of reconstructive surgery from four women who underwent different types of surgeries.